Server Performance Optimization: An Introduction to Linux System Tuning

Linux system tuning aims to address server performance issues, enhance speed, stability, and resource utilization, and prevent business disruptions or degraded user experience. Common bottlenecks include CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network, with corresponding diagnostic tools: dstat (comprehensive status), top (CPU/load), free -h (memory), iostat -x 1 (disk I/O), and ss -tuln (network). Targeted tuning strategies: Optimize CPU by managing high - utilization processes; focus on memory caching (the larger the better) and Swap usage; improve disk I/O for random reads/writes (e.g., migrating to SSD); and reduce TIME_WAIT connections and limit connection numbers in the network. System parameters can be temporarily or permanently adjusted via sysctl, which requires testing and verification. Key considerations: Diagnose first before tuning—avoid blind adjustments. Regular monitoring (e.g., with dstat) and continuous iteration are crucial.